However, the stronger posterior carbon uptake estimated over savanna and sparsely vegetated ecosystem was due primarily to underestimation of the gross primary productivity by the land surface model (CABLE-BIOS3 model). Our results suggest that the majority of the carbon uptake over Mediterranean was associated with positive EVI anomalies (relative to 2000–2014). Most of the uptake occurred over northern savannas, the Mediterranean ecotype in southern Australia and the sparsely vegetated ecotype in central Australia. Our results suggest that Australia was a carbon sink of −0.3 ± 0.09 PgC y −1 compared to the prior estimate 0.09 ± 0.17 PgC y −1 (excluding fossil fuel emissions). We used a regional-scale atmospheric transport-dispersion model and a four-dimensional variational assimilation scheme. In this study, we present the assimilation of data from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) to estimate the Australian CO 2 surface fluxes for the year 2015.
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